Uterine fibroid embolization refers to the procedure of shrinking uterine fibroids, which are noncancerous tumors that grow from the uterus muscle tissue. You might recover more quickly from uterine fibroid embolization because it isn’t a major surgery. Additionally, you might not require hospitalization.
Uterine fibroid embolization reduces the size of fibroids by inhibiting blood flow. During the procedure, the medical professional will inject minute particles of sand grain size into the arteries supplying the fibroids. These particles adhere to the wall of the vessel, causing a clot to form and cut off the blood movement. The fibroids will shrink when the blood supply is blocked, and with time, the symptoms usually subside or become less severe.
Various kinds of particles are used during uterine fibroid embolization. For many years, medical experts have utilized these substances safely.
A medical professional known as an interventional radiologist performs the procedure. This radiologist specializes in addressing disorders using small equipment along with imaging tests instead of major surgery. Examples of the imaging tests used are X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, fluoroscopies, and ultrasounds. These could be done prior to, during, or after uterine fibroid embolization.
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Treating uterine fibroids causing severe pain, excessive vaginal bleeding, or other issues is the primary reason for having uterine fibroid embolization. Almost all fibroids are benign and not cancerous, and malignant fibroids are uncommon.
Due to their small size, not all uterine fibroids are detectable. These tumors might be a pea size or as big as a small grapefruit or softball. If your fibroids are too large, uterine fibroid embolization may not be recommended.
Your doctor can suggest this procedure if your uterine fibroids cause the following:
Complications can arise with any procedure. Among the potential risks of this surgery are:
Postembolization syndrome usually affects some women and can cause symptoms like cramping and pelvic pain; nausea and vomiting; vaginal discharge; low-grade fever; tiredness and discomfort.
Postembolization syndrome symptoms might persist for 2 to 7 days and can be treated using anti-inflammatory and pain medications. Additionally, nausea medications may be prescribed.
Following the treatment, some women will experience menopause, particularly those aged over 45. This is because during uterine fibroid embolization, the uterus is not taken out, and you could still become pregnant. However, further investigation is required to determine the potential impact of this surgery on fertility and pregnancy.
There might be other complications that are specific to you. So before the surgery, always talk to your healthcare professional about any worries you may have.
The doctor will inform you everything you need to know about uterine fibroid embolization. Ensure that you ask any questions you have concerning the procedure.
To authorize the procedure, you will be required to sign a consent document. If something is unclear, thoroughly read the form and ask questions.
Before the surgery, a physical examination could be necessary to ensure you are in good health. Additional procedures, such as blood tests, can be required.
Follow all instructions given regarding not eating or drinking prior to the test. If you have an allergy to iodine or contrast dye or sensitivity to any medications, tape, latex, or local and general anesthesia, let your healthcare professional know. It’s also important to say if you are pregnant or suspect that you might be expectant.
Inform your healthcare practitioner of all your medications, including over-the-counter, prescription, and herbal supplements. Additionally, let your doctor know if you take aspirin, blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants), or any other drugs that interfere with blood clotting. Before the test, you might need to stop using these medications.
You will receive a local pain reliever in the groin area as well as medication to keep you relaxed.
Any additional preparation instructions from your healthcare professional should be followed.
You might be required to spend the night in a hospital or undergo the procedure as an outpatient. The surgery may be performed differently depending on your situation and the doctor’s experience.
In general, uterine fibroid embolization often follows the following process:
You will need to lie flat for at least four hours after surgery. It’s common to feel some discomfort immediately after the procedure, and there will always be pain relief. Recovery will take place first in the theatre and in the private room. Analgesia, be it intravenous, intramuscular, or oral (or a combination), can be used to manage pain. Where necessary, you will be prescribed analgesia to bring home.
You will most likely experience a harmless, non-threatening, watery vaginal discharge after the surgery, which may last for a few weeks.
Appropriate follow-up appointments with the gynecologist and radiology specialist will be scheduled after discharge.
About 85-90% of women who undergo embolization report significant or complete relief from pain, heavy bleeding, and symptoms associated with uterus enlargement.
Large and multiple fibroids respond well to the surgery. Additionally, fibroids embolization:
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